Types of Bolts, Nuts, and Washers for National Bolt & Nut Corp. of Schaumburg, IL (2023)

FAQs

How do I know what size bolt washer I need? ›

Washers are not. It is important to note that when matching a washer with a screw or a bolt, the diameter of the shaft of the screw or bolt should be matched to the inner diameter of the washer. For example, a ¾-16 bolt should be matched with a ¾ washer.

Bolt types include eye bolts, wheel bolts and machine bolts, while types of nuts include cap nuts, expansion nuts and u-nuts.

Our whole life revolves around these simple tools we call fasteners. Be it fixing simple water taps at home or constructing buildings, nuts, bolts and washers are always needed to make our life easier. However, one should always look around for the best quality fasteners to ensure durability and permanence.

The number markings are engraved on the top or side of the bolt head. Common metric classes are 5.8, 8.8, 10.9, and 12.9. The higher the numbers are, the stronger the material of the fastener is.

Line stamped under “B8M”. Manufacturer's identification mark, e.g., “X” ( on head of bolts and screws and on one end of studs and stud bolts). Manufacture's identification mark, e.g., “X”, applied to head (raised or depressed at option of manufacturer).

Not all materials require the use of washers. But for wood and other relatively soft materials, washers are useful to protect against stress-related damage when the threaded fastener is driven into the material.

The three main types of washers are plain washers, spring washers and lock washers.

The principal types of bolts commonly used include: Anchor Bolts. Blind Bolts. Carriage Bolts.

Grade 9 Bolts

Grade 9 structural bolts, also known as grade 9 hex cap screws, are one the strongest structural bolts that can be used today. While the typical grade 8 bolt has a tensile strength of 150,000 PSI, a grade 9 bolt has a tensile strength of 180,000PSI.

Should washer go under nut or bolt? ›

The lock washer should be placed under your threaded fastener - i.e., underneath a nut or the head of a screw or bolt. In assemblies where you have a nut and a bolt, the washer should be placed between the nut and the head of the bolt. You can then tighten the threaded fastener as normal.

Grade 8 / Grade G

Thus they are stronger and are used in demanding applications such as automotive suspensions. Grade 8 bolts have 6 evenly spaced radial lines on the head. Grade G is roughly equivalent to Grade 8.

Three radial lines will indicate an SAE grade 5 fastener, while six radial lines will indicate an SAE grade 8 fastener. These are the most common grades, but there are others.

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The markings on the heads of bolts serve two different purposes: The markings can indicate who manufactured the bolt. This will vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, but is usually one, two or three characters. The markings can identify the standard to which the bolt was made.

Washers are important. They ensure that a nut is installed properly and prevent softer materials from damage by distributing the pressure over a greater surface area. Are washers necessary? Washers are not always necessary but it is common practice to use them anyway.

It is not a good practice to stack washers in a fastener joint. Each stacked element acts like springs in series, consequently, fastener joint stiffness would be compromised.

Washers are typically wider than the bolt head, with the additional surface area adding extra friction to the joint to maintain the clamp force. However, simple split washers, sometimes called helical spring washers, have been found to actually loosen the bolt under vibration even faster than a joint with no washer.

What are 5 types of nuts? ›

Type A is a series of steel washers with broad tolerances, where precision is NOT critical. Type B is a series of flat washers with tighter tolerances where outside diameters are categorized as Narrow, Regular or Wide for specific bolt sizes.

Flat washers are used to increase the bearing surface of a nut or fastener's head thus spreading the clamping force over a larger area. They can be useful when working with soft materials and oversized or irregular shaped holes.

Front load washers are generally more efficient, since they're designed to use less water even if they have slightly longer cycle times. Top load washers use more water even if their cycles can be faster than that of a front load washer.

1, Group A is composed of those materials that have a tensile strength similar to ASTM A325, and includes ASTM A325/A325M, F1852, A354 Grade BC and A449. Group B is composed of those materials that have a tensile strength similar to ASTM A490, and is composed of ASTM A490/ A490M, F2280 and A354 Grade BD.

When it comes to nuts, Walnut is considered to be the king of nuts.

BUMAX® Ultra – the world's strongest bolt

Since its launch in 2014, the BUMAX® Ultra range has proven that it is capable of exceeding tensile strengths of between 1 500 to 1 700 MPa on various applications, with good corrosion resistance and an operating range of between -50 and 400°C.

What happens if you don't use a washer with a bolt? ›

If you don't use a washer, the hexagonal shape of the nut and bolt can leave an indentation in the bearing surface. Washers for bolts prevent this from happening.

- Washers must always be larger than exact diameter of screw. Determining the Diameter: Both nuts and washers are sized by the fasteners they fit.

These washers are made by removing part of a flat washer so that a twisted shape forms. However, spring washers are placed on the nut side of the fastener only, unlike flat washers, which are placed on the bolt and nut sides. Spring washers act like a spring and provide a preload between two surfaces.

M10-1.0 x 20

Taking a closer look at this description, let's explore its meaning: M = This designates the fastener is a metric size. 10 = The nominal diameter in millimeters. 1.0 = The thread pitch, or distance between threads, in millimeters. 20 = The fastener's length, in millimeters.

Here's an example metric bolt specification: M8-1.0 x 20. This bolt specification breaks down like this: The letter 'M' indicates that this bolt uses a metric thread. The number '8' refers to the nominal diameter of the bolt shaft in millimeters.

The 2H hex nut bears a clear mark on the fastener face, indicating the grade (2H). The grade 2H designation signifies nut formation, including the method of heat treatment, quenching, and temperature range required for tempering.

Grade A nuts are used with low carbon steel heavy hex bolts. Grade 5 are used with medium carbon cap screws and bolts. Grade C nuts are recommended to be used with A325 structural bolts. Grade 2H nuts are recommended for use in high pressure and high temperature service.

The common class (grades) for metric are 5.8, 8.8, 10.9 and 12.9. Each grade has a specific bolt strength. No matter the system used, the higher number means the stronger the bolt. For most home and automotive applications, you won't need anything more than a grade 8 bolt strength or metric class 10.9.

A2 stainless steel is often referred to as 304 or 18/8 Stainless. 18/8 actually refers to the amount of chromium and nickel in the alloy – 18% chromium and 8% nickel. A2 (304, 18/8) is an austenitic steel and is non-magnetic. The chromium provides a corrosion and oxidation resistance, however it can tarnish.

What does Grade 5 bolt mean? ›

Grade 5. Manufactured from medium carbon steel and hardened for greater strength and durability, a grade 5 bolt is distinguished by 3 radial lines and promises tensile strengths between 105,000 and 120,000 psi. They are most commonly found in automotive applications or those that require medium strength.

Grade B bolts and studs have a tensile strength between 60 ksi and 100 ksi. Their intended use is in flanged joints in piping systems with cast iron flanges.

After (S) comes (TB) and (TF) – both of these represent “fully tensioned” bolts.

So, in English, a Property Class 8.8 bolt is a bolt with a nominal tensile strength of 800 MPa and a nominal yield strength that is 80% of that nominal tensile strength, so 640 MPa.

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A head with no markings is Grade 2, one with 3 lines spaced 120 degrees is Grade 5, and 6 lines spaced at 60 degree intervals is Grade 8. Nuts are marked in several different ways—see Identification Marks for Hex and Heavy Hex Nuts below.

Nord-Lock has developed a range of washers specially designed for use in steel construction applications and to fit HV sets (bolts and nuts in accordance to the European standard EN 14399-4 / EN 14399-8), as the standard washers can't be used (see picture). These washers are named “SC” (Steel Construction washers).

Not all materials require the use of washers. But for wood and other relatively soft materials, washers are useful to protect against stress-related damage when the threaded fastener is driven into the material.

The salt helps activate enzymes that deactivate the enzyme inhibitors present in nuts. When soaking grains or beans, a more acidic substance is often used, but since nuts and seeds contain less phytic acid than grains/legumes but more enzyme inhibitors, the salt is more beneficial.

Do you need a washer on both sides of a bolt? ›

Generally, it is essentiall on the side where you fastenning the connection (whether it's a bolt or nut). Often used on both sides, if you (for any reasons) cannot prevent the other side from turning while fastenning. It's to prevent surface damage (especially to any possible surface treatment).

Before a threaded fastener (such as a screw) is driven into a surface, a washer may be placed through the end for greater protection. This prevents the bolt head and nut from scratching or indenting the surfaces of the two fastened parts, which could ultimately loosen the fastener.

Washer should always go on the bolt side, grip washer, flat washer or spring washer. This is if bolt is being driven into the fixed nut, and if nut is being threaded into the fixed bolt then it is spring and washer on top of it nut.

Spontaneous loosening, or rotational self-loosening, is essentially when a bolt rotates loose due to shock, vibration or dynamic loads. Even a slight rotation can be enough for a bolted joint to lose all its preload. This is the most common cause of bolt loosening.

Self-loosening is caused by any type of dynamic load, such as vibration or changes in temperature, insufficient clamp load and poorly fitting parts, allowing relative movements to increase the risk of self-loosening. These load changes lead to short-term frictionless situations where the bolt unwinds from the nut.

When you're dealing with really big stuck bolts, a pipe wrench might be your best option, especially if you don't own a giant set of wrenches or sockets. The long handle and aggressive jaw teeth will loosen the most stubborn bolts.

Family Size

As a rule of thumb, bigger families (over 3 people in total) will require a 4 to 4.5 cubic feet washer for optimal effectiveness. For reference, 4 cubic feet can wash up to 16 pounds while a 4.5 cubic feet machine can wash 20 pounds of laundry.

The distance from the end to the flat part of the head determines the length. Always measure from underneath the head to the end to calculate this number.

A.

It is important to note that when matching a washer with a screw or a bolt, the diameter of the shaft of the screw or bolt should be matched to the inner diameter of the washer. For example, a ¾-16 bolt should be matched with a ¾ washer.

Washing machines in the medium and large capacity category are most common, so look for capacities anywhere from 3.5 to 5 cubic feet if you want a more standard washer size. Any medium or large capacity washer should easily fit regular as well as large laundry loads.

Does the thickness of a washer matter? ›

The best way to use them

If you have decided to use washers when fastening a product, you should first make sure that it's of the right thickness. This often depends on what you want the washer to do. For instance, if you want to make sure that the assembly is as tight as possible, you could use a washer that is thick.